1. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the 22 Chinese women, and they were permitted to remain in the United States. What do you think that meant for the women? What likely happened to them?

2. One of the significant rulings in the proceedings was that the Equal Protection Clause of the Constitution applied not just to American citizens, but to all persons in the United States, including recent Chinese arrivals. Yet, the Chinese Exclusion Act was later found to be constitutional. How can these rulings be reconciled?

3. The trial took place in San Francisco in 1874. What were society’s views of women and the Chinese then? Was prostitution legal? Was “human trafficking” a concern?

4. In recent years, Arizona and other states have passed laws affecting immigration within their borders. What is the relevance of Chy Lung to these efforts?

5. In 2014, there was an ebola outbreak in West Africa and health authorities in many states were concerned that travelers entering the United States from certain countries might be carrying the ebola virus. What, if any, relevance does Chy Lung have with respect to these efforts?

For other questions and teaching materials, see:

• Federal Judicial Center, Chew Heong v. United States: Chinese Exclusion and the Federal Courts, available at: http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/tu_exclusion_activities.html.