THE TRIAL OF ETHEL ROSENBERG
TIMELINE
1944-1945 | Julius Rosenberg works as an engineer for the U.S. Signal Corps, a security and communications branch of the U.S. Army; in 1945, he is fired on suspicion of being a member of the Communist Party. |
AUGUST 1944 | David Greenglass begins work as a machinist on the Manhattan Project in New Mexico. |
1945 | According to Greenglass’s testimony at trial, Julius engages in espionage activities; in particular, according to Greenglass, at the Rosenbergs’ New York apartment in September, he presented sketches and notes about the atomic bomb and the Manhattan Project to Julius; the notes are typed. |
1947 | Senator Joseph McCarthy is elected to the U.S. Senate; he aggressively seeks to identify and punish suspected communists and Soviet spies. |
AUGUST 1949 | The Soviet Union detonates its first atomic bomb. |
1950 | American cryptologists decipher the Venona cables, triggering FBI investigations that uncover a Soviet spy ring. |
JUNE 16, 1950 | David Greenglass is arrested and confesses to his involvement in a spy ring; Julius is arrested the next day, and Ethel Rosenberg is arrested on August 11. |
JUNE 25, 1950 | North Korea invades South Korea. |
AUGUST 17, 1950 | A federal grand jury indicts the Rosenbergs on charges of conspiracy to commit espionage. |
MARCH 6, 1951 | Trial commences before Judge Irving R. Kaufman and a jury, in the Southern District of New York; the trial last three weeks; the jury finds the Rosenbergs guilty on March 29. |
APRIL 5, 1951 | Judge Kaufman sentences the Rosenbergs to death. |
FEBRUARY 25, 1952 | The Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirms the convictions. |
JUNE 19, 1953 | Julius and Ethel are electrocuted by electric chair at Sing Sing. |
1955 | The U.S. Government releases the decryption of the Venona cables, which reveal that Julius was a Soviet spy (who operated under the code name “Liberal”). |
1997 | Former KGB agent Alexander Feklisov reveals that he met with Julius at least fifty times between 1943 and 1946. |
2001 | Sam Roberts publishes The Brother, in which he quotes Greenglass as saying: “I frankly think [Ruth Greenglass] did the typing, but I don’t remember”. |
2017 | The U.S. Government releases Greenglass’s grand jury testimony, which does not mention any involvement by Ethel in the typing of notes or the delivery of atomic secrets to the Soviets. |
See also Federal Judicial Center, The Rosenberg Trial — The Judicial Process: A Chronology, at http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/page/tu_rosenberg_chronology.html